Pear is one of the leading fruit crops.
Today, an important factor in growing this tree is resistance to cold and disease.
Just such a variety is the pear tree "Century".
After reading the description of the care of this tree, you can achieve greater yields in your garden.
Inference history
A pear is a fruit that grows on fruit and ornamental trees, as well as on shrubs of the Pink family. In the late 80s of the 19th century, a special variety was bred by hybridization, which was given the name "Century". Description of the tree and its fruits is not much different from the usual.
Scientists of the Ural Research Institute combined the selective seedling of the Ussuri pear No. 41-16-1 and the elite seedling of the culture pear No. 143. The group of breeders was headed by Ericht Falkenberg, who studied this plant for 23 years: from 1984 to 2007. This fruit grows in the Urals and Siberia.
Since the climate plays a very important role in fruit cultivation, you should find out whether Chizhovskaya, Lada, Bergamot, Talgar beauty, Duchess, Forest beauty, In memory of Yakovlev, Cathedral, Favorite Yakovlev, Veles, Rogneda, Children, Memory Zhegalov are suitable for growing in your climate. Honey.
Tree description
Pear varieties "Century" is sredneroslym and winter-hardy tree. It has a rounded crown. It is also resistant to diseases and has a deep root system. In this regard, you should not plant a tree close to groundwater. 
The height of the trunk can reach 6 m, and the diameter of the crown - 5 m. Dense wood has a thin structure and growth rings. On the branches grow leaves ovate, which are arranged in a spiral in several rows. A characteristic feature is that each subsequent sheet deviates from the previous one by 45 degrees.
Did you know? Europeans smoked pear leaves until Columbus brought tobacco to the continent.The pear tree will begin to bear fruit 4 years after planting. This variety is characterized by positive dynamics of yield and bears fruit each subsequent year.
Fruit Description
Fruits of the correct pear-shaped form have yellow color and an intensive flush laterally. The fruit reaches a large size, and its weight can be 260-400 g. Inside the pear consists of white flesh, with a juicy texture, sweet and sour taste and a pronounced pleasant aroma. 
Lighting Requirements
Since the pear is a light-loving tree, when planting it is necessary to calculate its location on the site in such a way that the shadow of adjacent buildings or other structures does not fall on it. An insufficient amount of sunlight can lead to lower yields, as well as to the emergence of uneven tiers of branches and leaves at the top of the tree. Accordingly, lighting has a direct impact on the shape of the crown and the nature of growth.
Important! In the spring it is necessary to whitewash the trunk of the pear in order to prevent the appearance of pests.During the period of flowering and the formation of new fruits, the pear tree needs the maximum amount of sunlight, since it is at this time that the plant begins to bear fruit and absorb all the useful substances. Insufficient lighting can lead not only to the underdevelopment of flower buds, but also to defects in the structure of the crown.
Soil requirements
The quality of the soil on which the pear grows directly affects the dynamics of growth and productivity of the tree. If it is necessary to keep 30% moisture, it must be fertile and structural. As for clay and loamy soil, it has a large capacity for the absorption of precipitation. So, when fertilizers are applied, the concentration of the soil solution remains almost unchanged.
It should also be noted that sandy and sandy loam soils have a poor absorptive capacity. The application of a large amount of fertilizer will entail the leaching of nutrients. In such a soil fertilizing is necessary to make portions. With the normal growth of the roots of a pear tolerates soils of any kind, not counting the sandy and rubbly. But It is worth noting that the degree of softness, taste and flavor of the fruit depends on the choice of soil.
Important! It is necessary to plant a pear until the leafing, in the period of hibernation.Sometimes the fruit has a dry flesh, a bitter-sour taste and a reduction in shelf life. This indicates that the tree grows in sandy soil. It is logical to say that planting should not be planted at all on gravelly soil. On the dynamics of growth and the frequency of fruiting has a benign effect of the introduction of organic and mineral fertilizers. They need to be made in hot dry weather, while ensuring regular irrigation.
Pollination
Since the pear is a cross-pollinated crop, over time, it develops the worst seeds and increases the incidence of barrenness. In the climatic zone of pear growth "Century" cross-pollination by using insects such as bees.
Did you know? Honey bee during the collection of honey never uses sting.To improve the yield of pears, it is necessary to attract the necessary insects to your plot. To increase the activity of bees, it is necessary to remove barriers for the spread of pear flowers so that the insect can reach nectar without hindrance.
For luring bees use dressing. To prepare it, you need to dissolve 1 kg of sugar in 1 liter of boiled water. Then cool the resulting syrup to 30 degrees and add a pear flower to it. Give the dressing to infuse for 6 hours and in the morning portionwise place it near the tree to which it is necessary to attract pollinating insects. You can also make special houses for insects and hang them around the perimeter of the garden. 
Fruiting
The plant has a good degree of precociousness, however, the first appearance of the fruit on the tree will occur 4 years after planting the tree and will subsequently bear fruit annually.
Did you know? The largest pear was grown in Japan. Her weight was 2.948 kg. Fruit was added to the Guinness Book of Records on November 11, 2011.
Gestation period
Since the pear of the variety "Century" is a tree of the autumn ripening period, it is possible to prepare for the harvesting process in early September. The shelf life of freshly picked fruit reaches a month.
The duration of the ripening period is about 6-10 days. It depends on the weather conditions in the area where the tree grows. So, when the summer is dry, the fruit will ripen faster, and in cold weather, on the contrary, slower. After this period, the remaining fruits on the trees are peeled off and rotted, if they are not removed in a timely manner.
Yield
The yield of a single pear tree can reach 150 kg. And taking into account the frequency of fruiting, an annual yield of 200 c / ha can be achieved. Sometimes under the weight of growing fruit tree branches break. To avoid this phenomenon, it is necessary to put special facilities that will support the branches with fruit. Thus, the fruit will be able to ripen. You can also tie up skeletal branches with wire.
Transportability and storage
Although harvesting seems simple enough, there are a number of features related to its transportation and storage. So, the fruits should be collected in cool weather and in the absence of rain. It is necessary to begin with the lower tier of the tree.
It is necessary to be careful at choosing the crumpled fruits, and also it is necessary to pick a pear together with a stem, so as not to shorten its shelf life. It is not necessary to wipe the natural protective wax from the fruit, as well as pour the harvest more than once.
For harvesting from a remote treetops, it is advisable to use a stepladder and special tools to pick fruit from the tree. 
The shelf life of freshly picked pears is 1 month. If you put the fruit in the refrigerator, then at a temperature of 0-1 degrees it will lie up to 6 months, without losing its taste properties. The room intended for storing the crop must be ventilated and sanitized.
Disease and Pest Resistance
The following problems when growing pears are very common:
- Scab is a disease as a result of which small spots appear on the leaves of the tree, gradually increasing in size. The elimination of this problem is complicated if the trees are located close to each other, as this impairs the ventilation process. Also, this disease affects not only the leaves, but also the fruits themselves, leaving stains and cracks on them. To prevent the appearance of scab, it is necessary to spray the tree and the adjacent land with a 7% urea solution.
- Gall mite is a dangerous pest for plants. It can significantly slow down the development of the tree, which will reduce the number of new shoots and, consequently, lead to a reduction in yield. To prevent the appearance of these insects, it is necessary to treat the tree with a chemical solution or give it a special injection.
- Rust. This disease is characterized by damage to the foliage, painting it orange. This phenomenon adversely affects the resistance of the tree to all diseases. The cause of this disease can be growing junipers in the garden, which are carriers of this disease. For the purposes of prevention, it is necessary to process the tree with biological and chemical preparations during flowering.
- Mealy dew, as a rule, infects young leaves and shoots, covering them with white bloom and preventing further development. Thus, the affected area of the tree is deformed and dries.
Among the pests of pears, one should also name the leafworm, sawfly, the codling moth, the mining moles, aphids, the apple tree beetle.
However, pears of this variety are characterized by resistance to scab, bacterial burn and pear gall mites.
Frost resistance
Since the variety "Century" was bred on the border of the Urals and Siberia, it is characterized by sufficient resistance to frost. Since the temperature in this area can reach 15 degrees below zero, the plant is adapted to climatic conditions. High regenerative ability ensures the survival of the kidneys during the frosty period. At the present stage of development of the fruit and berry industry, studies are being conducted aimed at studying the frost resistance of the root system of trees under controlled conditions.
Fruit use
Since pears contain vitamins of groups A, B, C, E, K, its use is very useful for the human body. The fruit is saturated with biologically active substances and contains iron, potassium, zinc, phosphorus, magnesium, calcium and sodium. Also, it is dominated by fiber, which can ensure the normal functioning of the human body.
Did you know? One pear contains 20% of the daily requirement of fiber, 6% of potassium and 10% of vitamin C.
Thus, the fruits can be eaten not only raw, but also boiled compote and jam from pears, make jam and candied fruits, subsequently using them as food. In folk medicine, this fruit is used as a remedy for constipation and prostatitis.Advantages and disadvantages
The advantages of a pear, of course, include not only its beneficial nutritional properties for the body, but also simple growing conditions. Good root system and frost resistance make it possible to regularly harvest. The disadvantage is the self-infertility of this variety. This phenomenon involves planting an efficient pollinator in the garden.
pros
- Frost resistance
- High yield.
- Disease resistance.
- Taste qualities.
- Long shelf life.
Important! You should not eat a pear on an empty stomach and drink it with water, so as not to cause the body to ferment.
Minuses
- The first harvest will appear only 4 years after planting the tree.
- The dependence of fruiting weather conditions.
- The impossibility of self-pollination.
