Raspberry bushes in the gardens is difficult to surprise anyone, and a raspberry tree? Beautiful well-groomed trees with large attracting fruits attract interest and attention. We are talking about standard raspberry varieties.
Raspberry tree varieties
Three varieties of crimson trees are most common in our territories, and we'll talk about them.
Grade Krepysh. This variety has a strong developed root system, which ensures rapid reproduction. If you are interested in breeding besides the harvest, then this variety fits better than others.
Variety Tarusa. The root system of Tarusa resembles the rhizome of a tree. It divorces worse, but has a better yield, the berries are larger, and the tree itself is less susceptible to parasites and diseases.
Fairy tale - this is considered to be derived from the Tarusa variety: the great similarity of shoots and vegetative characteristics. Shoots do not have thorns, berries are large, sugar. This is a very prolific variety, but not too cold resistant.
Did you know? The first raspberry jam in Russia was planted by Yury Dolgoruky. If you believe the annals of those years, the garden was so big that bears began to feast on raspberries to eat.
How to buy seedlings
When buying raspberry tree seedlings, you should contact special shops or horticultural nurseries. If there are no such things in your area, focus on the sellers who have a certificate for the plant, indicating the variety and nursery, permission to trade in seedlings. Do not buy cheap goods: it is unlikely to be of high quality. Seedlings should be visually healthy, without spots and damage, with strong roots.
At the base of the shoot there should be at least three buds, the stems should be elastic, the roots dense and moist. Well, if on a sapling there are several stalks, they will develop well. When buying seedlings, pay attention to the packaging: if it is polyethylene, do not take it. Professionals will never pack a delicate root system into such material. It should be paper or cloth.
Site selection and soil preparation
Raspberry tree does not tolerate acidic soil. If on your site just such, sprinkle it with lime, make drainage from sand so that water does not stagnate.
The best option for planting - lit area away from garden crops (cucumbers, tomatoes, cabbage) to avoid pests. Deciding how to plant a raspberry tree in spring depends on the weather conditions in your area. In the spring, planting is necessary when the air temperature is stable, not lower than + 15 ° С, March - April. Before planting, the soil must be fertilized with humus, and for the best indicators of looseness - with peat. Dig a hole up to 40 cm, it is advisable to do this two weeks before planting, so that the soil has settled down. When planting the roots need to cut and coat with a talker, then put a seedling at the bottom of the fossa, straightening all the roots. Cover with soil and gently tamp, then thoroughly water the plant - three or four buckets of water.
Important! Pay attention to the location of groundwater, their proximity to the surface for raspberries is disastrous.It is important to consider before planting a raspberry tree in the fall that a plant that did not have time to grow stronger will die at the first frost. Therefore, try to plant in the fall until October. In winter, raspberries should be protected from frost. In the snowy winter, rake the snow under it, and in the absence of precipitation, cover the bushes with auxiliary materials.
The main principles of care for raspberry
Caring for a raspberry tree in the spring is a constant weeding and destruction of weeds, so that the weeds do not interfere with the development of the bush. It is also necessary to pinch the tops, otherwise the plant will go to growth, and the fruiting will fade into the background. Therefore, it is necessary that the shoots grow in width and not in length. In October, when the branches are still flexible, they connect the raspberries to protect them from the cold of winter. The branches are covered with agrofibre and cover the ground under the tree. When caring for raspberries, do not forget about weeding from weeds and double pruning of raspberries.
Interesting! The origin of the red raspberry explains the ancient Greek myth. The daughter of king Melissa, who raised the baby Zeus, decided to collect for him sweet white berries. During the collection, she scratched the thorns, and drops of her blood that fell on the berries, painted them with scarlet color.
Watering features
Watering raspberries spend once a week, fairly plentiful. It is important not to overdo it so that the root system does not rot. After watering the soil must be well loosened.
Mulch: Do I Need It?
It is necessary to mulch after planting, around the trunk of raspberry. For this you can use humus. During development, if the summer is dry, it is also necessary to mulch the soil in order to avoid moisture evaporation. In winter, it is desirable to mulch the soil, protecting the root system from freezing.
Trimming and shaping the correct crown
Standard raspberry varieties do not form a beautiful tree by themselves - it is a gardener's work. The raspberry ramp does not grow by itself in the form of a tree with a bare trunk and top, which will be covered with berries. This type of plant is formed by the gardener himself.
Pruning a crimson tree in the spring is carried out immediately after planting. At the same time, leave the main trunk and about five branches, to shape the tree. During growth, prune shoots by 10-15 cm. In May, after planting, seedlings are pinched to form fresh shoots. The height of the plant at the time of the procedure should be slightly more than half a meter. In general, raspberry tolerates pruning procedure. Spend the second pruning closer to the fall, removing old branches that no longer bear fruit, damaged or growing upwards. For sprawling crown of the tree will need support so that the branches under their own weight are not broken.
Harvesting
Raspberries begin to ripen in mid-July, but there may be different dates for each region. Raspberry harvest is harvested as it ripens. It is advisable to pick berries every two days: over-ripe raspberries will come in during transport and can crumble from the bush.
Attention! Do not pick berries after dew or rain - wet fruits will not be stored.
To transport the berries, it is better to gather together with the stem, it is advisable not to pour it from one dish to another. The berries are soft and tender, they will be damaged if they are shaken often, and juice is allowed.
Pest control
Raspberry susceptible to attacks of parasites. Consider its main pests. Raspberry beetle An adult insect destroys above-ground vegetation, and its larvae produce fruit. To fight the beetle in the spring when loosening the soil, inspect it. Then process carbofos and spud the plant.
Moth She settles and multiplies on old shoots and dry leaves. For the prevention of dry parts of the plant should be removed in time. Spray the raspberries before the formation of the kidneys, if this is not done, the mole will gnaw them.
Weevil. This parasite eats the stem and raises its offspring in buds of future flowers. To protect raspberries from it, use the popular method: strong infusion of tansy or red pepper. They need to spray raspberries. Try not to allow close proximity of strawberries, as the weevil is a frequent guest.
Raspberry fly Attacks seedlings in May, laying eggs at the top of the shoot. Its larvae destroy raspberry leaves. If you find an egg laying on the tops of the seedlings - remove this part. Then spray with a solution of manganese. Caring for a raspberry tree in the fall involves loosening and digging up the soil to protect the plant from dominance by parasites.
In addition to pests, raspberries suffer from diseases. If you notice a suspicious color of the stain, the tubercles on the leaves - remove the diseased parts so as not to infect the whole plant. Treat the raspberry with a medicine, for example, Hom or Bordeaux mixture.
Standard raspberry varieties with proper care will provide you with a rich harvest in summer and winter supplies. Besides, raspberry - the most delicious cold medicine.
