Among the many plagues, the urgent problem of growing apple trees - diseases of her bark. Often these diseases are called diseases of its trunk.
When using the first and second concepts means the same thing. However, it is more correct, nevertheless, to describe this group of diseases as diseases of the cortex.
That it is gradually destroyed pests, fungi and bacteria, and the trunk suffers already as a result of this.
There are many diseases of this kind, and all of them are deadly for a tree and all the closest plantings.
Causes of bark disease
The emergence of any disease of the apple tree is preceded by a series of events or circumstances that provoke infection. Some of them depend on the person, its measures to protect trees, care for them.
Other reasons cannot be eliminated by man, since they are not directly dependent on him. These reasons include weather factors:
- strong wind. It serves as a "vehicle" for carrying spores of fungus or bacteria from one tree to another. So diseases can spread over many distances;
- Hot Summer. Heat is known to be an ideal breeding ground for bacteria. They feed on moisture from the tree, and it under the influence of temperatures and pests, dies;
- cracks in the barkcaused by sunburn. Strong sun provokes the appearance of deformation.
The human factor plays a significant role in the development and appearance of diseases. For example:
- insufficient care. If a person does not monitor the state of the apple trees, they are left alone with the diseases, and lose. Without proper care, timely treatment, trees get sick more often;
- wrong fit. Too thick apple orchard contributes to the spread of disease. With the defeat of a tree, the disease can easily move to the nearest;
- neglect of prevention and delayed treatment.
Thus, the causes of the defeat of the apple can be many. Their main essence is weakening the plant immunity as a result of environmental influences and not due care of the person.
Symptoms of diseases
Common symptoms of diseases of the apple tree are:
- cracks;
- modifications: darkening, disintegration, etc .;
- the appearance of a hollow;
- detachment from the trunk;
- shrinkage of a piece of wood;
- break, separation of the apple tree into two parts;
- determination of spores of the fungal pathogen.
In addition to the general symptoms, which immediately make it clear that something is wrong with the apple tree, the symptoms of individual diseases differ.
Symptoms cytosporosis:
- the initial appearance of ulcers is darker than the color of the bark;
- the acquisition of ulcers reddish-brown color;
- gradual dying off of the affected part;
- sequential dying off of separate parts, then of the whole tree.
Symptoms lichen perform:
- white-yellow, covering the trunk of small spots. There are different structures: from lamellar to scaly;
- spreading spots on a large surface;
- dehydration of the tree, followed by drying out.
Signs of apple crab:
- the appearance of wounds, which may be open or closed;
- the appearance of a dispute in the affected areas that easily infect other trees;
- dying off part of the bark, then the whole tree;
- complete destruction of the tree, turning it into the peddler of the disease.
In addition, apple trees often infect black crayfish, which can easily destroy entire apple orchards.
A photo
Photo of apple tree lesions:
Treatment
Treatment of bark diseases depends on the degree of damage to the tree and the type of disease.. Each of the lesions must be differentiated by known symptoms.
Many diseases are treated with similar means, but there are differences.
There is a scheme to rid the apple of cytosporosis. Treatment is mandatory, otherwise the disease will completely take hold of the tree.
Sequencing:
- Cut all affected areas with a sharp knife or special tool.
- Process sections of copper sulfate.
- Putting the composition of clay and mullein or garden pitch.
- Bandaged.
The most important thing - cut absolutely all affected parts, otherwise the disease will spread again. If everything is done correctly, the apple tree will gradually be covered with a new layer. It may take many years, but there is a chance for salvation.
Getting rid of apple lichen suggests:
- sweep trunk in the affected areas with a stiff brush or other device;
- with large lesions worth cover up scrape them with clay after it dries;
- spraying the whole trunk of the apple tree is copper sulphate or oxalic acid.
It is believed that small lesions of the lichen can not touch. They can not spread, and remain in the original position. but if the lichen progresses, you need to fight it.
Apple cancer makes you act immediately and decisively. Tree treatment consists of:
- in the sweep places of destruction. It is necessary to clean it thoroughly, without leaving a single spore of the fungus;
- in putty cleaned places, after which they need to be closed with a cloth or gauze;
- in processing trees bluestone.
Prevention
Take care of the apple trees constantly. To avoid long-term treatment, it is necessary to resort to ongoing prevention.
For all diseases of the cortex, it is to perform certain actions:
- pest control and other diseases of the apple tree. Related problems provide an opportunity to develop diseases of the cortex. This is associated with a decrease in the immunity of an apple tree under the influence of pests, fungi and bacteria;
- “plugging” of all damage. Under the influence of external factors, parasites bark can crack, it appears damage. It is they who serve as the weak point that diseases so love. All damage should be regularly smeared with clay. Not bad for this purpose, suitable and garden pitch;
- processing of whole apple bluestone. It perfectly disinfects, serves as a protective tool against pathogens;
- regular pruningtree care;
- correct and rational soil fertilizer. With a shortage of beneficial microelements, the apple tree becomes susceptible to the attack of bacteria and fungi;
- using clean inventory. Cutting branches, bark processing is carried out only with clean tools. Otherwise, it is easy with their help to bring the disease into a crack or fissure on the tree;
- regular whitewashing of the trunk. Whitewashing helps protect the bark of the tree from sunburn. As a result, the integrity of the bark and protection from disease.
Diseases of apple bark can and should be conquered. There is not a single disease of the crust that cannot be defeated.
Diseases plague almost all gardeners, but forgive them there is a whole arsenal of ways.
Preventive measures will reliably protect the apple orchard from the pressure of malicious guests. Medicines will come to the rescue and help to save a tree that has already fallen.
